• Wobbrock, Jacob O., Andrew J. Ko, & Julie A. Kientz, 2009.   " "Reflections on the Future of iSchools from Inspired Junior Faculty," Interactions (September-October)
• Pollock, Martha E. 2010. Reflections on the Future of iSchools," Interactions 17(1 January-February)
• iSchool faculty "elevator stories" from 2008.

Background:

• Babbage, Charles. 1832. On the Economy of Machinery and Manufactures. London: C. Knight.
• Brouillon, Léon. 1956. Science and Information Theory. New York: Academic Press.
• Hartley, R.V.L. 1928. "Transmission of Information," Bell System Technical Journal 535-584.
• Machlup, Fritz. 1962. The Production and Distribution of Knowledge in the United States. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
• Sayre, Kenneth. 1976. Cybernetics and the Philosophy of Mind. Atlantic Highlands, NJ: Humanities press.
• Schrader,Alvin M. 1984. "In Search of a Name: Information Science and Its Conceptual Antecedents," Library and Information Science Research 6(3): 227-272
• Shannon,  C. E. 1948. "A Mathematical Theory of Communication," Bell Systems Technical Journal, July & October (Reprinted in ACM SIGMOBILE 5(1) 2001: 3-55
• Shannon,  C. E. 1956. "The Bandwagon," IRE Transactions on Information Theory 2 (March): 3
• Tuomi, Ilkka. 1999. "Data is More Than Knowledge: Implications of the Reversed Knowledge Hierarchy for Knowledge Management and Organizational Memory," Journal of Management Information Systems 16(3): 103-117.

Zeitgeist:

• Verity, John, 1994. "The Information Revolution: Introduction," Business Week, May 18, 1994.

• Floridi, Luciano, 2010. Information: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford: Oxford UP. Ch, 1, "The Information Revolution," pp. 3-18.
• Nunberg, Geoffrey, 1996.  "Farewell to the Information Age" in G. Nunberg, ed., The Future of the Book, Berkeley: University of California Press. Read pp. 1-23.

• Lyman, Peter, & Hal Varian, 2003. "How Much Information?: Executive Summary
  
• Bohn, Roger E. & James E. Short, 2009. How Much Information? 2009: Report on American Consumers

Background:

• Kaiser Family Foundation. 2010. Generation M²: Media in the Lives of 8- to 18-Year-Olds. January 20.

• Falk, William. 2009 "Should Old Articles Be Forgot," New York Times, December 29.

• Blair, Ann, 2003 "Reading Strategies for Coping with Information Overload, ca 1550-1700," Journal of the history of Ideas 64(1): 11-28
• 
  

• Bell, Daniel. 1976. The Coming of Post-Industrial Society: A Venture in Social Forecasting.New York, NY: Basic Books.
• Brown, John Seely & Paul Duguid.  2000. "Limits to Information," chapter 1 in The Social Life of Information, Boston: Harvard University Press

• Kallinkikos, Jannis. 2006. The Consequences of Information: Institutional Implications of Technological Change. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.
• Lesk, Michael. 1996.  "How Much Information is There in the World?"
• Mayer-Schönberger, Viktor. 2009. Delete: The Virtue of Forgetting in the Digital Age, Cambridge: Harvard University Press
• Porat, Marc U.  1977. The Information Economy: Sources and Methods for Measuring the Primary Information Sector, Washington,D.C.

• IBM Global Technology Services, 2006. "The Toxic Terabyte: How Data-Dumping Threatens Business Efficiency,"  July.

• Hemp, Paul. 2009. "Death by Information Overload," Harvard Business Review 87(9): 82-89
• Schiffman, Betsy.  2008.  "Web 2.0 Preview: Torture by Information Overload,"  Wired Blog

• Foley, John. 1995.  "New Tools Can Help Tame an Ocean of Data,"  Information Week.  October 30


• Habermas,  Jurgen, 1989.  "Introduction: Preliminary Demarcation of a Type of Bourgeois Public Sphere" pp 1-13 in Habermas,  Jurgen. 1989. The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere: An Inquiry into a Category of Bourgeois Society,  Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

• Darnton, Robert. 2000. "An Early Information Society: News and the Media in Eighteenth-Century Paris,"  American Historical Review 105(1)

• Atherton, I. 1999. "The Itch Grown a Disease: Manuscript Transmission of News in the Early Seventeenth Century" in J. Raymond, ed., News, Nespapers and Society in Early Modern Britain. London: Frank Cass
• Calhoun, Craig, ed. 1996. Habermas and the Public Sphere  (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1996
• Darnton, Robert. "An Enlightened Revolution," New York Review of Books 38 (17 October 24)
• Fleck, Ludwik. 1979. Genesis and Development of a Scientific Fact. Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• Lenoir, Timothy. 1997. Instituting Science: The Cultural Production of Scientific Disciplines. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press
• Povvey, Mary. 1998. A History of the Modern Fact: Problems of Knowledge in the Sciences of Wealth and Society. Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• Raymond, Joad, ed. 1999. News, Newspapers and Society in Early Modern Britain. London: Frank Cass
• Sommerville, C. John. 1997. "Surfing the Coffeehouse," History Today 47(6): 8-10

• Shirky, Clay. 2008. The Newspaper Industry and the Arrival of the Glaciers Boing Boing, December 28

• Papacharissi, Zizi. 2002. "The Virtual Public Sphere: The Internet as a Public Sphere," New Media & Society 4(1): 9-27
• Poster, Mark. 1995. "The Net as a Public Sphere," Wired 3.11 (November)

• Hamzawy, Amr. 2009. "Egypt: Loud Debates and Stagnant Public Sphere," Carnegie Endowment for International Peace

• Abdelhadi, Magdi. 2010. "Facebook Outstrips Arab Newspapers-Survey" BBC News, May 24.
• Worldcom conquers the continent.
• Murrell, John. 2009. Newspapers' Salvation: Google, Gadgets, and Gumption? Silicon Valley Blog, May 27

• Schudson, Michael. "The objectivity norm in American journalism," Journalism 2(2): 149-170
• Datson, Lorraine and Peter Galison. 1992. "The Image of Objectivity." Representations 40 (Special Issue: Seeing Science): 81-128

• Schudson, Michael. 2003. "Where News Came From: The History of Journalism," Ch. 4 in The Sociology of News, Norton. Pp. 64-89.<
• Chalaby, Jean K. 2000. The Invention of Journalism. Palgrave Macmillan
• Tucker, J. 1997. "Photography as Witness, Detective, and Impostor: Visual Representation in Victorian Science," in Bernard Lightman, ed. Victorian Science in Context. University of Chicago Press.
• Green, David. 1984. "Veins of Resemblance: Photography and Eugenics." Oxford Art Journal7(2) Photography, pp. 3-16.

• Nunberg, Geoffrey. 2006. Talking Right: How Conservatives Turned Liberalism into a Tax-Raising, Latte-Drinking, Sushi-Eating, Volvo-Driving, New York Times-Reading, Body-Piercing, Hollywood-Loving,
  Left-Wing Freak Show. NewYork, PublicAffairs. Chapter 11, "The War on Truth," pp. 168 (175 in pdf) to 185 (191 in pdf). On bSpace.
• "Press Accuracy Rating Hits Two-Decade Low" Pew Research Center, 9/14/09.
• Liberman, Mark (2005-12-23). "Multiplying ideologies considered harmful". Language Log.
  
• "Media Bias Is Real, Finds UCLA Political Scientist," UCLA newsroom
  
• Visit the websites of the Media Research Center, Fair.org,  mediamatters.org.
  

• Giddens, Anthony. 1981. "Surveillance and the Capitalist State," pp 169-176 in A. Giddens, A Contemporary Critique of Historical Materialism, vol 1 Power, Property, and the State. Berkeley: University of California Press.
• Scott, James C., John Tehranian, & Jeremy Mathias.  2002.  "The Production of Legal identities Proper to States: The Case of the Permanent Family Surname"  Comparative Studies in Society and History  44(1): 4-44.

• Agar, John. 2003.  The Government Machine: A Revolutionary History of the Computer. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press
• Campbell-Kelly, Martin, 2002.  "Information Technology and Organizational change in the British Census, 1801-1911," Information Systems Research 7(1): 35-57
• Cullen, Michael J. 1975 The Statistical Movement in Early Victorian Britain: The Foundations of Empirical Social Research. Harvester Press: New York
• Hacking, Ian. 1990. The Taming of Chance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
• Headrick, Daniel R.. 2000. When Information Came of Age: Technologies of Knowledge in the Age of Reason and Revolution. New York: Oxford University Press
• Oettinger, Anthony. 1980. "Information Resources: Knowledge and Power and the 21st Century," Science[Centennial Issue, July 4] 209 (4452): 191-198
• Rusnock, Andrea A. 2002. Vital Accounts: Quantifying Health and Population in England and France. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

• Barlow, John Perry. 1996.  "A Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace."

• Dyson, Esther, et al. 1994.  "Cybespace and the American Dream: A Magna Carta for the Knowledge Age"
• Read, William H. 1978. "Information as a National Resource," Journal of Communication 29(1): 172-178.

• Burke, Peter. A Social History of Knowledge. Ch. 5, "Classifying Knowledge." Cambridge: Polity.
  

• Yeo, Richard. 1991. "Reading Encyclopedias: Science and the Organization of Knowledge in British Dictionaries of Arts and Sciences, 1730-1850." Isis, 82: 24-49.
• McArthur, Tom. 1986. Ch 12-15, pp. 91-133 in Worlds of Reference. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
• *Samuel Johnson. 1755. Preface to the Dictionary of the English Language
, London
• Foucault, Michel. "Classifying." Chapter 5 of The Order of Things. Routledge, 2002 (trans. of Les Mots et Les Choses, 1966). Most of the chapter is viewable at Google Books, and a plaintext version is also available here.
• d’Alembert, Jean Le Rond. 1751. Preliminary Discourse to the Encyclopedia of Diderot, Selections from Part I. (Entire text can be found here.)
  Book of plates from Diderot’s Encylopedie at archive.org. Slide hand icon at bottom to browse.
  

• Floridi (see week 2), Ch. 3, 4.  pp. 37-59. These are short and provide an introduction to Shannon's information theory and its semantic extensions.
• Shannon,  C. E., 1948. "A Mathematical Theory of Communication," Bell Systems Technical Journal, July & October (Reprinted in ACM SIGMOBILE 5(1) 2001: 3-55. Read up to p. 9, skipping over anything you don't understand.
• ADDED 3/17: Shannon, Claude. 1950. "The Redundancy of English." Cybernetics. Skip to discussion beginning on p. 6 among Shannon, Margaret Mead, Gregory Bateson, Warren McCullough, John von Neumann, etc.
  

• Weaver, Warren. 1998 (1949). "Some Recent Contributions to The Mathematical Theory of Communication," introduction to  The Mathematical Theory of Communication.  University of Illinois Press.
  
• Gallager, G. 2001. "Claude E. Shannon: A Retrospective on His Life, Work, and Impact." IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 47:7, November, 2001.
  
• Dretske, F. I. 1981. Knowledge & the flow of information. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
• Israel, David and John Perry, “What is Information?â€�pp. 1-19 in Philip Hanson, ed., Information, Language and Cognition. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press

• Gardner, Howard. 1987. The mind's new science: a history of the cognitive revolution. New York: Basic Books. Introduction & Ch. 1, pp. 3-44. (At Google Books)
   By Howard Gardner
• Miller, George A. 1956. "The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two: Some Limits on Our Capacity for Processing Information,"  The Psychological Review, vol. 63, pp. 81-97.
  

• Simon, Herbert A. 1980. "Cognitive Science: The Newest Science of the Artificial," Cognitive Science 4, 33-46.
  
• Miller, George A. 2003. "The cognitive revolution: a historical perspective." Trends in Cognitive Sciences,
  Volume 7, Issue 3, March 2003, Pages 141-144.
  
• Chomsky, Noam. 1959. "Review of Verbal Behavior, by B.F. Skinner." Originally published in Language, 35.
  
• Bolter, David Jay. 1984. Turing's Man: Western Culture in the Computer Age. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press
• Turing, Alan. 1950.  "Computing Machinery and Intelligence," Mind 59(235): 433-460.
• Dreyfus, Hubert L. 1979. What Computers Can't Do: The Limits of Artificial Intelligence. New York: Harper & Row
• Gardner, Howard, 1987. The Mind's New Science: A History of the Cognitive Revolution. New York: Basic Books.
• Johnson, George. 1986 Machinery of the Mind: Inside the New Science of Artificial Intelligence. Redmond, WA: Tempus/Microsoft Press
• Searle, John. 1980.  "Minds, Brains, & Programs," The Behavioral and Brain Sciences 3(3): 417-457
• Suchman, Lucy. 1993. "Response to Vera and Simon's 'Situated Action: A Symbolic Interpretation,'" Cognitive Science 17(1): 71-75
• Vera, Alonso H. & Simon, Herbert A.  1993.  "Situated Action: A Symbolic Interpretation," Cognitive Science 17(1): 7-48.
• Waldrup, M. Mitchell. 1987. Man-Made Minds: The Promise of Artificial Intelligence. New York: Walker and Company

• Stiglitz, Joseph E.  2002.  "Information and the Change in the Paradigm in Economics," The American Economic Review 92(3): 460-501
• Romer, Paul. 1993. "Idea Gaps and Object Gaps in Economic Development," Journal of Monetary Economics 32(3): 543-573

• Ancori, Antoine Bureth & Patrick Cohendet. 2000. "Economics of Knowledge: The Debate about Codification & Tacit Knowledge," Industrial and Corporate Change, 9(2): 255-287
• Arrow, Kenneth J. 1984. "Information and Economic Behavior" in K. Arrow, Collected Papers. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, pp: 136-152
• Cowan, Robin, Paul A. David & Dominique Foray. 2000. "The Explicit Economics of Knowledge Codification and Tacitness," Industrial and Corporate Change, 9(2): 211-253
• Duguid, Paul. 2005. "'The Art of Knowing': Social and tacit dimensions of knowledge and the limits of the community of practice." The Information Society 2005 21(2): 109-118
• Hayek, Frederich. 1937.  "Economics and Knowledge," Economica 4[NS](13): 35-54 
• Hirshleifer, J. 1973. "Where Are We in the Theory of Information?,"American Economic Review, 2: 31-39
• Krugman, Paul. nd. "The Fall and Rise of Development Economics" Working Paper[?]
• Learner, Edward E. & Michael Storper, 2001. "The Economic Geography of the Internet Age," Journal of International Business Studies 32(4): 641-665
• Machlup, Fritz & Una Mansfield.  1983. "Semantic Quirks in Studies of Information," in The Study of Information: Interdisciplinary Messages.  New York: Wiley: 641-71
• Richardson, George B.  1960. Information and Investment: A Study in the Working of the Competitive Economy. Oxford: Oxford University Press
• Shapiro, Carl. 1982. "Consumer Information, Product Quality and Seller Reputation," Bell Journal of Economics, 13(1): 20-35
• Shapiro, Carl & Hal R. Varian. 2000.  Information Rules: A Strategic Guide to the Network Economy.  Boston: Harvard University Press.

• Kelly, Kevin. 1997. "New Rules for the New Economy," Wired 5.09.

• Lippmann, Walter. 1922. Public Opinion. New York: Harcourt Brace. ch. 6-7, 13-14. (Google Book; Also available at Project Gutenberg)
• Popkin, Samuel L.1994. The Reasoning Voter. Chicago: Chicago University press. Chch. 1-3, 5. (Google Book). An abridged version is available via Google Books as "Information Shortcuts and the Reasoning Voter," in Bernard N. Grofman, ed. Information, Participation, and Choice, Michigan, 1995

• Dewey, John. "The Public and its Problems," in  Andreas Hess, ed., 2003, American Social and Political Thought, NYU Press. Selection from Dewey's The Public and its Problems, 1927 (Swallow Press, 1991).
• Carey, James W. "The Press, Public Opinion, and Public Discourse," in Public Opinion and the Communication of Consent
  ed. Theodore Lewis Glasser, Charles T. Salmon. Guilford Press, 1995
• Anthony Downs. 1957. An Economic Theory of Democracy. New York: Harper and Row. See also "An Economic Theory of Political Action in a Democracy," The Journal of Political Economy16(2): 135-150.
• Kinder, Donald R., 2003. "Communication and Politics in the Age of Information," in David O. Sears and Leonie Huddy, eds., Oxford Handbook of Political Psychology, Oxford.
• Page, Benjamin I. and Robert Y. Shapiro, 1992. The Rational Public: Fifty Years of Trends in Americans' Policy Preferences,
  University of Chicago Press

• Gleick, James. 2001. The Information. New York: Knopf. Chapter 11, "Into the Meme Pool." (also at B&N)
• Dennett, Daniel C. 1990. "Memes and the Exploitation of Imagination." The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism, 48-2. Pp. 127-135.                  
  

• Dawkins, Richard. 1989. The Selfish Gene. Oxford: OUP. Ch. 11, "Memes, The New Replicators," pp 189-201. Also here. Most of the chapter is also at Google Books.
• Mayr, Ernst. "The Objects of Selection." 1997. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.,Vol. 94, pp. 2091–2094, March 1997.
• Sperber, Dan. 2000. "An objection to the memetic approach to culture," in Robert Aunger ed. Darwinizing Culture: The Status of Memetics as a Science. Oxford University Press pp 163-173.
• Atran, Scott. "The trouble with memes." Human Nature, Volume 12, Number 4, 351-381.
  
• Nettle, Daniel. 2002. "The Elusive Science of the Meme (Aunger's Darwinizing Culture)." Current Anthropology, Vol. 43, No. 2 (April 2002), pp. 344-346. 

• Gunders, John and Damon Brown. 2010. The Complete Idiot's Guide to Memes, Penguin.
  

• Bush, Vanevar. 1945. "As We May Think." The Atlantic (July)
• Duguid, Paul. 2010. "The World According to Grep: A Progress from Open to Closed? in Konrad Becker & Felix Stalder, eds., Deep Search Vienna: Studienverlag, 2009

• Battelle, John. 2005. The Search: How Google and Its Rivals Rewrote the Rules of Business and Transformed Our Culture. New York: Portfolio.
• Brin, Sergey  & Lawrence Page, 1998. "Anatomy of a Large-Scale, Hypertextual Digital Search Engine"
• Buckland, Michael K.  1997.  "What Is a 'Document'?" Journal of the American Society for Information Science 48(9): 804-809
• Buckland, Michael K.  1992.  "Emanuel Goldberg, Electronic Document Retrieval, and Vannevar Bush's Memex," Journal of the American Society for Information Science 43(4): 284-294
• Raff, Adam. 2009. "Search, but You May Not Find," New York Times, December 28.
• Chartier, Roger. 1994. The Order of Books: Readers, Authors, and Libraries in Europe between the Fourteenth and Eighteenth Centuries. Stanford: Stanford University Press
• Geertz, Clifford. 1978. "The Bazaar Economy: Information and Search in Peasant Marketing," 68(2):28-32.
• Otlet, Paul, 1990.  "Something about Bibliography," pp.11-24 in W. Boyd Rayward, ed., International Organisation and Dissemination of Knowledge: Selected Essays of Paul Otlet. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
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