296a-1 Seminar on Information Access Summaries Spring 2022

School of Information
Previously School of Library & Information Studies

Friday Afternoon Seminar: Summaries.
296a-1 Seminar: Information Access, Spring 2022.

Fridays 3-5. Details will be added as they become available.
Session mode varies: Zoom only; in-person only; or hybrid. See announcement for each session. Campus policy requires all Zoom participants to sign into a Zoom account prior to joining meetings hosted by UC Berkeley. Face mask recommended but not required for in-person attendance. Zoom sessions are not recorded.
A link to each Seminar session is available only at the School's event listing: www.ischool.berkeley.edu/events.
Schedule. Weekly mailing list.

Jan 21: **Zoom Only**
Clifford LYNCH: Strategic Implications of Cloud Lab Initiatives.
Carnegie Mellon University has announced a partnership with Emerald Cloud Labs to create a dedicated Cloud Lab for the University; this effort was the subject of the closing plenary at the December 2021 Coalition for Networked Information (CNI) meeting. (A video of the session is available on Youtube. See the www.cni.org web site). In this discussion, I'll start by briefly summarizing the initiative for those unfamiliar with it, and also discuss some interesting related developments in core research instrumentation operations. I'll then focus on the broader implications for research resilience, scholarly communication, research data management, university budgeting, and other areas.

Jan 28: **Zoom Only**
Michael BUCKLAND and Wayne de FREMERY: Relevance Revisited.
Relevance, usually expressed as a document being relevant to a need, has long been considered central to information science. But relevance theory lacks clarity and its use depends on unrealistic assumptions. A deeper analysis leads to a narrower, more precise definition, a path from document to creativity, and connections to context, bibliographical infrastructure, and artificial intelligence.
Wayne de Fremery is an associate professor in the School of Media, Arts, and Science at Sogang University in Seoul and Director of the Korea Text Initiative at the Cambridge Institute for the Study of Korea in Cambridge, Massachusetts (www.koreatext.org). He represents the Korean National Body at ISO as Convener of a working group on document description, processing languages, and semantic metadata (ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 34 WG 9). Recent research projects have concerned the integration of privately generated textual heritage information into the information management systems of the National Library of South Korea (Library Hi Tech, 2020), digital humanities in the iSchool (JASIST, 2021), copy theory (JASIST, forthcoming), and the use of deep learning to improve Korean OCR (2020), for which he received a national citation of merit from the South Korean Ministry of Culture, Sports, and Tourism. More at www.pwdef.info.

Feb 4: **Zoom** only.
Daniella LOWENBERG, California Digital Library: Research Data Publishing Ethics.
As researchers and institutions increasingly invest in research data management and sharing practices, it’s clear that research integrity and ethical issues related to the publication of data are growing and require attention. Scholarly journals have guidance on how to handle ethical and legal issues that arise during the publication process, but to date there has not been clear or standard guidance for publishing data. Libraries, researchers, repository managers, federal agencies, publishers, and research integrity officers came together to publish the first set of guidance: “FORCE11 and Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) Recommendations for the handling of Ethical Concerns Relating to the Publication of Research Data”. Join Daniella to learn about the diverse integrity and ethical issues that may arise in data publishing, community-built resources, and how this space may evolve.
Daniella Lowenberg is a Senior Product Manager at California Digital Library focused on data publishing with emphasis on data metrics and data ethics. She is the Product Manager for Dryad, PI for the Make Data Count initiative, co-founder of the FORCE11 & COPE Research Data Publishing Ethics working group, and chair of the RDA Data Usage Metrics working group.

Feb 11: **Zoom only**
Mark GRAHAM, Internet Archive: Archiving the Public Web with the Wayback Machine: What we do and how we do it.
An update and overview of the strategies, technologies, partnerships and processes used to archive, preserve and make available web-based resources with the Wayback Machine and an account of some of the accomplishments, challenges, and opportunities in the quest to archive born digital material in the context of the Internet Archive’s mission of "Universal Access to All Knowledge.” Please come with your questions, suggestions, requests and offers to help!
Mark Graham is Director of the Wayback Machine at the Internet Archive. There he leads a team of engineers, collaborates with countless volunteers, and manages dozens of partnerships, working together to archive, preserve and make available more of the public Web. Mr. Graham started his first online venture, PeaceNet, in 1984. He co-founded the NGO apc.org, and a pre-Web online services company that built AOL’s Internet Center (Gopher and WAIS) and hosted the US side of the first commercial US-Soviet email service (Sovam Teleport), managed technology and business development at The WELL, and was SVP Technology at the public Internet company iVillage, and later an executive with NBCUniversal News Digital.

Feb 18: **Zoom only**.
Michael BUCKLAND and Clifford LYNCH.
Michael BUCKLAND: Information Humanities.
Becoming informed depends on language, perception, interpretation, reasoning and other core concerns of the humanities. So why the neglect of the humanities in information studies? What has been lost and what might be gained with more attention to cultural contexts, hermeneutics, semantic labor, and other humanities' concerns?
Clifford LYNCH: Short Reports and Updates.
Some short topics and reports, and updates on selected previous topics.

Feb 25: Rebecca BRYANT, OCLC, and Jan FRANSEN, University of Minnesota Libraries: Understanding Research Information Management in the United States.
Research information management (RIM) is a rapidly growing area of investment in US research universities. But what exactly is a RIM system? Is it the same thing as a CRIS system, research networking system (RNS), or faculty activity reporting (FAR) system? While RIM practices are mature in Europe and other locales in support of nationalized reporting requirements, RIM practices at US research universities have taken a different—and characteristically decentralized—course.
The recent OCLC Research report series Research Information Management in the United States demystifies this confusing landscape by providing a first-of-its-kind documentation of RIM practices at US research institutions. Through a case study examination of RIM practices at five research universities (including UCLA and the University of California system), it provides insights into the development of RIM practices in the US, articulates six discrete use cases and their distinct stakeholders, offers a unifying definition of RIM practice, and emphasizes the essential role for libraries in RIM practice. See https://www.oclc.org/research/publications.bryant-rebecca.rim.html.
Rebecca Bryant, PhD, serves as Senior Program Officer with the OCLC Research Library Partnership, conducting research and developing programming to support 21st century libraries and their parent institutions, particularly on topics related to scholarly communications and research impact. She previously worked as a university administrator and as community director at ORCID. More at https://www.oclc.org/research/people/bryant-rebecca.html.
Jan Fransen is Service Lead for Research Information Management Systems at the University of Minnesota Libraries, where she works with the libraries and with campus partners to provide library systems that save researchers', students', and administrators' time and to improve access to the resources they need. More at www.lib.umn.edu/about/staff/jan-fransen.

Mar 4: Zoom. Co-sponsored by the Center for Long-Term Cybersecurity and the Social Science Matrix.
Chris HOOFNAGLE: The Quantum Age.
Quantum technologies have provided capabilities that seem strange, are powerful, and at times, frightening. These capabilities are so different from our conventional intuition that they seem to ride the fine border between science fiction and fantasy. Yet some quantum technologies can be commercially purchased today, and more are just around the corner.
In Law and Policy for the Quantum Age (Cambridge University Press, 2022, open access full text: https://cup.org/3kX4JlI), Chris Hoofnagle and Simson Garfinkel explain the genesis of quantum information science and the development of related technologies: quantum sensing, computing, and communication. The book uses scenario analysis to consider four futures for quantum technologies. It then considers how policymakers might anticipate the benefits and risks of quantum technologies.
Chris Jay Hoofnagle is Professor of Law in Residence at the University of California, Berkeley, School of Law and a Professor of Practice in the School of Information. More at hoofnagle.berkeley.edu/.

Mar 11: **PROGRAM CHANGE: South Hall 107 and also Zoom**
Clifford LYNCH: How to Position Data Science as a Research Support Service.
Most research universities are setting up academic programs in data science, which often involve complex organizational restructuring and collaborations among computer science, information science, statistics, and other fields At the same time, consultations on data science are becoming an important part of emerging research support services. The extent to which this is a support service as opposed to part of an actual research collaboration is unclear. Research data management and curation are also part of research support services, and their relationships to data science are still being defined (and terminology in this area is not uniformly accepted). Many institutions are also offering non-credit courses in many of the popular tools of data science, though it's unclear how far they go in the ways to use these tools for data science applications. An additional question is the appropriate locus, or loci, of responsibility within organizational units such as the library in providing these services.
In the coming weeks, my organization, the Coalition for Networked Information, will be convening a series of executive roundtables to explore institutional practices and strategies to engage these challenges. My hope in this discussion is to clarify the right questions to ask, and to gain insights into existing institutional and researcher practices that may be represented among the seminar participants.

Mar 18: **PROGRAM CHANGE. Hybrid: South Hall 107 and Zoom**
Michael BUCKLAND & Clifford LYNCH.
Michael BUCKLAND: Information Humanities.
Continued from Feb 18. Bringing scientific methods (formal definitions, measurement, quantification, simulation, logic) to bear on information and information services has largely shaped the field(s) of information science. This has been complemented by a wide-ranging emphasis on social science methodologies. Yet difficult problems remain, especially relating to meaning, relevance, judgement, culture, and belief, all traditional concerns in the humanities. How could drawing on the humanities address these problems and make information studies and information services more satisfactory?
Clifford LYNCH: Short reports.
Several short topics, including a brief update on what I've heard from the first few roundtable convenings on data science as a research support service. (See March 11 abstract above for more details).

Mar 25: NO SEMINAR MEETING. Spring break.

Apr 1: **Zoom only**
Wayne de FREMERY, Sogang University, Korea: Cats, Carpenters, and Accountants: Bibliographical Foundations of Information Science.
This talk describes a book being written as a partial answer to a question posed by Michael Buckland: What might be gained by reinvigorating bibliography? The question was premised on the idea that bibliography has faded into obscurity. The contrarian truth I pursue in the book and this talk is that bibliography could hardly be more integral to our intellectual and creative lives than it is now. A mode of intellectual and cultural accounting, bibliography serves a diversity of foundational roles in the sprawling field we call information science. It only seems to have passed into obscurity because it has become so integral to our work that we do not notice how it supports what we do. I argue this while concomitantly suggesting that there is an urgent need to reinvigorate bibliography as we copy out our many scientific findings and cultural heritages using recently developed systems of reproduction. Like all infrastructures, bibliography as an idea and a constellation of material practices undertaken across the academy and beyond needs maintenance. The need for this maintenance is urgent because we are building new representational structures and systems at such an accelerated pace that we are losing track of our ability to account for what we have built and the things that our systems are producing. Cats, Carpenters, and Accountants suggests how bibliography contributes to building and accounting for our representational structures and, if reinvigorated, how bibliography can provide a cat-like independence to critically assess not only the performance of our representational systems but also the ideologies built into and reproduced by them.
Beginning in August 2022, Wayne de Fremery will be Professor of Information Science and Entrepreneurship and Director of the Francoise O. Lepage Center for Global Innovation at Dominican University of California. Previously, he was an associate professor in the School of Media, Arts, and Science at Sogang University in South Korea, where he has lived for twenty years. He currently represents the Korean National Body at ISO as Convener of a working group on document description, processing languages, and semantic metadata (ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 34 WG 9). His recent research projects have concerned "Digital humanities in the iSchool" (JASIST, 2022), "Copy theory" (JASIST, 2022), "Context, relevance, and labor" (JASIST, 2022), as well as the use of deep learning to improve Korean OCR, for which he received a national citation of merit from the South Korean Ministry of Culture, Sports, and Tourism. More at http://www.pwdef.info.

Apr 8: **Zoom only** Rescheduled from Feb 18.
Roger SCHONFELD, Ithaka S+R: Research Integrity, Misconduct, and Misinformation.
The integrity of scientific research is increasingly in question, as sources of research misconduct and publishing fraud increase. Additionally, it seems that in part as a consequence of increasing open access, the scholarly record has become a more significant vector for misinformation. In this context, the neutrality of information organizations seems to be a growing liability, and publishers and universities alike are struggling to come up with the policies and incentives to defend against and ideally deter these threats. In this session, Roger will review some of the significant issues and some areas of uncertainty as context for a discussion about what kinds of policy options might be available in response. Please read, before the seminar, a piece Roger recently wrote about some of these issues in the Scholarly Kitchen entitled: "Is Scientific Communication Fit for Purpose?".
Roger C. Schonfeld is program director at Ithaka S+R, where he leads a team of higher education researchers and consultants that addresses academic libraries, scholarly communication, museums, and the academic research enterprise. Roger’s recent book, co-authored with Deanna Marcum, is Along Came Google: A History of Library Digitization (Princeton, 2021). He writes about strategy and mergers and acquisitions for the The Scholarly Kitchen. Roger is a board member for the Center for Research Libraries, was previously a research associate at The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, and received degrees from Syracuse and Yale. More at r.ithaka.org/people/roger-c-schonfeld/.

Apr 15: **Hybrid: Room *220* and Zoom***
Ph.D. Research Reception
For summaries and link go to Ph.D. Research Reception
. 3:00 pm: Welcome & Opening Remarks.
3:15 pm: The Distressing Ads That Persist: Uncovering The Harms of Targeted Weight-Loss Ads Among Users with Histories of Disordered Eating, Liza Gak.
3:30 pm: A Sociocultural Explanation of Internet-Enabled Work in Rural Regions, Zoe Kahn.
3:45 pm: Break.
3:55 pm: Google Says So(S): The Entanglement of Search Engines and Ballot Proposition Information, Emma Lurie.
4:10 pm: Adaptive Sampling for Fair Machine Learning, Satej Soman.
4:30 pm: Reception.

Apr 22: **Hybrid: Room 107 and also Zoom**
Olivier LE DEUFF and Rayya ROUMANOS, Bordeaux Montaigne University: Hyperdocumentation: The Many Ramifications of a Prolific Concept, from HyperOtlet to Hyperdocumented Journalism.
The aim of this talk is to present the work carried out during the HyperOtlet project by showing the epistemological interest of working on concepts coined by Paul Otlet in order to understand the continuities and discontinuities in research topics, particularly in the field of information science. We will describe and explain the scope of the concept of hyperdocumentation, looking at its evolution in order to better demonstrate its relevance for software development as well as for understanding new genres and formats, especially in the journalism field.
In the first part of the talk, we will present and discuss two tools of knowledge management developed during the HyperOtlet project: Otletosphère and Cosma.
In a second part, we will focus on the emergence of new journalistic forms that explore facts through data and combines fragmented elements to generate an interactive device that puts documents at the center of the story. Looking at three examples of such formats, all dealing with police violence in the US and in France : The Counted (The Guardian, 2015), Allo Place Beauvau (Mediapart, 2019) and Police Brutality in BLM Protests (Forensic Architecture, 2020), we will show how they all fall under the definition of a hyperdocument. We will also elaborate on this editorial and cultural shifts whereby documents and data are no longer the supporting elements in a news story but the story itself.
Olivier Le Deuff is assistant professor at Bordeaux Montaigne University, France. He is the author of several books, essays and short stories, including Digital Humanities: History and Development and Hyperdocumentation , and a blog Le Guide des Egarés. More (in French) at Wikimonde.
Rayya Roumanos is an associate professor at Bordeaux Montaigne University. She is the director of studies of the Institute of Journalism Bordeaux Aquitaine (IJBA) where she teaches media studies, multimedia reporting and data journalism. Her research focuses on the digital transformation of journalistic forms and practices. She leads a research project on the impact of algorithms on news production and consumption in the Aquitaine Region. More at mica.u-bordeaux-montaigne.fr/roumanos-rayya/.
The speakers will be available on campus during the week April 18-22. Their visit is funded by a grant from the France-Berkeley Fund to support a collaboration with Michael Buckland and Paul Duguid on the history and theory of documentation.

Apr 29: **Zoom only**
Danielle COOPER, Ithaka S+R: Data Communities.
There is a growing interest in promoting research data sharing among universities, funders, and publishers, but how can this be achieved in ways that actually respond to scholars’ needs on-the-ground? Ithaka S+R’s research on scholarly information and technology practices in a variety of fields demonstrates that successful data sharing happens within data communities, which are formal or informal groups of scholars who share a certain type of data with each other, regardless of disciplinary boundaries. This talk will provide an introduction to data communities and explore possibilities for developing research support services that are responsive to data community needs. See report "Data Communities: A New Model for Supporting STEM Data Sharing". See https://sr.ithaka.org/publications/data-communities/.
Danielle Cooper (MLIS, PhD) is Associate Director of Libraries, Scholarly Communications, and Museums at Ithaka S+R, a not-for-profit research organization that focuses on information and technology issues in higher education. Her research team specializes in scholarly data practices, including a recently-published landmark study "Big Data Infrastructure at the Crossroads: Support Needs and Challenges for Universities" https://sr.thaka.org/publications/big-data-infrastructure-at-the-crossroads/, and a current project funded by NSF in collaboration with the Data Curation Network on "Leveraging Data Communities to Advance Open Science. See https://sr.ithaka.org/blog/leveraging-data-communities-to-advance-open-science/.

The Seminar will resume in the Fall semester.

Fall 2020 schedule and summaries. Fall 2021 schedule and summaries.