School of Information
 Previously School of Library & Information Studies

 Friday Afternoon Seminar: Summaries.
  296a-1 Seminar: Information Access, Spring 2025.

Fridays 3-5. Everyone interested is welcome. Details are added as they become available.
In person, with also Zoom -- unless indicated otherwise. Campus policy requires all Zoom participants to sign into a Zoom account prior to joining meetings hosted by UC Berkeley. Face mask recommended but not required for in-person attendance. Zoom sessions are not recorded.
Zoom link available only at the School's Seminar event listing: www.ischool.berkeley.edu/events/ias.
Schedule. Weekly mailing list.

Jan 24: Michael BUCKLAND & Clifford LYNCH: Introductions.
    Michael BUCKLAND: Re-Writing our History.

    In the 1990’s the Bob Williams created a set of biographical webpages for a hundred North American pioneers of Information Science and for fifty organizations. After he died, the pages were transferred to the ASIST website. They were not updated and eventually ceased to be accessible. Last year the ASIST SIG History and Foundations initiated a rescue and page texts were transferred to a wiki-style server. Those legacy pages needed to be updated; coverage brought up-to-date; and the scope made fully international. A start has been made. Join me for a discussion of the many different policy, editorial, and practical issues that arise.

Jan 31: Clifford LYNCH: Biography in a digital world.
    Building on the case study presented by Michael Buckland in the January 24 seminar, I will make a broad case for the importance of digital representations of factual biographical information as a fundamental information object necessary to support digital humanities (and a wide range of other applications) and note a number of domains in which this is important. I'll discuss some of the requirements for interoperability and reusability of such digital biographical representations and draw a few connections to developments in identifiers, large scale biography projects, open linked data and other efforts. While the need for functional standards and technology in this area has been clear for at least two decades, progress has been extremely slow; I hope in the discussion we can explore some of the reasons for this, and how barriers to progress might be overcome.

Feb 7: Jeffrey HART: The Politics of the Chips Act, or how to think about the manufacturing of advanced integrated circuits.
    A large proportion of advanced chip manufacturing is concentrated in three firms: TSMC (Taiwan), Samsung (Korea), and Intel (US). Growing hostility between the US and China makes dependence on TSMC's foundry more risky. The Chips Act subsidizes US and Taiwanese companies to locate new state-of-the-art production facilities in the United States. What are the prospects for success in this area?
    Jeffrey A. Hart is an emeritus professor of political science at Indiana University in Bloomington, Indiana. His main area of specialization is international political economy. Most of his research has been on the politics of international economic competitiveness in the advanced industrial nations. Between 1996 and 2001, he collaborated with Stefanie Lenway and Tom Murtha on the global flat panel display industry, supported by a grant from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. In 2001, he completed a project on globalization in collaboration with Aseem Prakash that resulted in the publication of three edited volumes. In 2004, he published a book on the politics of high definition television (HDTV). He co-authored three editions of a textbook with Joan Edelman Spero (The Politics of International Economic Relations). His most recent book was Essays on the History and Politics of the Internet (2023).

Feb 14: Paul DUGUID: Information as Whitewash.
    Management of the circulation of information to the advantage of a particular person or group has been an enduring human concern. This talk will address that topic through the lens of "whitewashing." After a brief historical overview of the concept, the talk will focus on examples of early twentieth century corporations manipulating information about them (and their critics) to maintain clean identities after coming under attack. To narrow this broad focus, it will, in particular, examine the circulation of images and photographs in influential whitewashing campaigns.

Feb 21: Karen COYLE: OpenWEMI: The Concepts of Work, Expression, Manifestation and Item.
    This talk will cover two recent Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (DCMI) projects. The first is OpenWEMI, a version of the library community's model "work, expression, manifestation, item" that is abstracted to be free of the semantics of library catalogs. This RDF vocabulary can be used by any community with metadata that is describing created resources, and responds to some existing uses of the base concepts outside of their original context. Karen will illustrate the differences between the library vocabulary and the OpenWEMI vocabulary, and will provide some sample uses of OpenWEMI. In keeping with the "simpler is better" approach by DCMI, Karen will also show the Dublin Core Tabular Application Profiles (DCTAP) work which is a low-tech but powerful model for creating a machine actionable metadata profile that can be converted to SHACL or ShEx validation documents.
    Karen Coyle graduated from the UC Berkeley School of Information (in South Hall) in 1972 whenit was named School of Librarianship. She returned for an advanced Certificate in 1978. She went on to be one of the founding members of the MELVYL staff, and since then has written, spoken, and been involved in metadata standards and development. Much is available at kcoyle.net.

Feb 28: Presentation by Zoom.
    Vivien PETRAS: The Identity of Information Science.

    In the canon of disciplines, information science is still a young discipline, which is working to position itself in the scholarly landscape. This talk will provide a short overview of the development of the discipline in Germany and - starting with definitions from the North American scholarly context - will define a core of the discipline and its main research questions. The definition provides a unique identity for information science and positions it in the disciplinary universe. iSchools and their strategic positioning as interdisciplinary research centers and their relationship to information science will be discussed. The talk is based on the recently published article: Petras, V. (2024). The identity of information science. Journal of Documentation, 80(3): 579-596. Recommended reading: Open access at: doi.org/10.1108/JD-04-2023-0074.
    Vivien Petras received her PhD from the UC Berkeley iSchool in 2006 and is now a professor at the Berlin School of Library and Information Science at Humboldt University in Berlin. She studies how to design (e.g. technology), evaluate (e.g. based on standards) and shape (e.g. with policies) cultural heritage and research information infrastructures to improve interactions with them.

Mar 7: Howard BESSER: Stewardship of Digital Still and Moving Images.
    What do we know about managing digital collections of still and moving images? How do we make sure that they persist over time? In this Talk Howard Besser will trace a history of important projects ranging from the mid-1980s Berkeley Image Database Project to the early 2020s Music Composers’ Streaming Video Preservation project. He will discuss image collections found in libraries and other cultural institutions, as well as the images found on individuals’ cellphones.
    Howard Besser is Emeritus Professor at New York University, and Founding Director of the MA program in Moving Image Archiving & Preservation. Previously he had been a Library & Information Science professor and in charge of information management for two museums. Besser has been involved with digital stewardship since the 1980s, and has taught classes and dozens of professional workshops on digital stewardship. In 2009 he was named to Library of Congress's select list of "Pioneers of Digital Preservation". He has also been involved in the creation of several library metadata standards (PREMIS, Dublin Core, METS), and has published more than fifty articles dealing with information technology and cultural institutions (including focus on copyright, privacy, and preservation of cellphone data and social media). Besser is an alumnus of this School, MLIS'77 & PhD'88.

Mar 14: David S. H. ROSENTHAL: Archival Storage.
    Efforts to preserve our digital heritage for future generations are bedeviled by a number of persistent, seductive but impractical ideas such as format migration. This talk debunks another of them, the idea that the key to preserving data for archival timespans is to write it to quasi-immortal media.
    David Rosenthal wrote his first program sixty years ago. His career included the Andrew project at Carnegis-Mellon University, Distinguished Engineer at Sun Microsystems, employee #4 at Nvidia, and co-founder of the LOCKSS Program. He is now seven years into a second career as an almost full-time grandparent.
    David Rosenthal and Vicky Reich are recipients of the 2025 Paul Evan Peters Award.

Mar 21: Robert SANDERSON, Yale: Identity, Authority and Ontology in the age of AI.
    Identity management is a foundational task for the preservation and stewardship of cultural and natural heritage, and the current process relying on controlled vocabularies of authorized name forms, rather than their underlying identifiers, is already close to irrelevant. With the deep integration of Large Language Model powered techniques into both the discovery layer for end users and the cataloging process for cultural organizations, systems will necessarily use a consensus network of linked identities to manage people, groups, places, concepts, events, and beyond rather than a (changing) string blessed by self-declared authorities. As more and more interfaces become voice activated, keyword searching will become increasingly archaic speeding the demise of name authorities. In order to function in this rapidly changing world, cultural organizations will have to build on top of shared, foundational ontologies of relationships and distributed knowledge networks to be able to satisfy users’ needs. This presentation will walk through the thinking and the path forward to a relatively near-term solution.
    Robert Sanderson is Senior Director for Digital Cultural Heritage at Yale University, and works with Yale’s museums, libraries and archives to help them to be more connected and consistent in their processes and data. He is the technical architect and visionary for LUX, Yale’s cross-collection discovery platform built using the Linked Open Usable Data paradigm and technologies. He is chair of the Linked Art working group and long-standing editor for IIIF specifications, and has been co-chair and editor of foundational W3C specifications. He has previously worked at the Getty in Los Angeles, Stanford University and Los Alamos National Laboratory.

Mar 28: Spring Break. No Seminar meeting.

Apr 4: Suzanne WONES, University Librarian: The Great Sea Change: Understanding and Responding to Changes in Information Seeking Behavior in the Age of AI.

    Academic libraries have evolved to meet the needs of scholars as they moved online, started citing Wikipedia, and created new research methods and outputs. Now generative AI is creating a new wave of changes in how scholars find, use, and create knowledge. How can libraries evolve to best help them on their journey? By continuing to focus on user-centered design for our services and systems, libraries will be well placed to follow our north star and plot a successful course.
    Suzanne Wones has 20 years of experience as a leader in academic libraries. Before her appointment at Berkeley, Wones served as the associate university librarian for discovery and access at Harvard University, where she was responsible for access services, information and technical services, imaging services, user experience, and discovery. During her many years at Harvard, Wones advocated for user-focused innovations and developed creative solutions to advance the mission of the university. The best part of being a librarian, Wones said, “is being part of the solution” for those searching for the right resources to gain knowledge and advance their research. See also UC Berkeley chooses Suzanne Wones as new University Librarian
    Wones holds an M.S. in information, library, and information services from the University of Michigan, a B.A. in history from the University of Massachusetts Amherst, and an M.A. in American history from the University of New Hampshire.

Apr 11: AnnaLee SAXENIAN: Information Schools in a Time of 'Information Warfare.'
    We'll discuss the shift from Google's 1998 mission "to organize the world's information and make it universally accessible and useful" to today's highly contested information ecosystem, asking what it means for policy and politics as well as its implications for the future of information schools.

Apr 18: Cathy MARSHALL: Adventures in Factual Biography.
    Several Friday Seminar talks this term have highlighted large-scale factual biography efforts. I'll discuss factual biography from a practitioner's perspective using examples from a decade's worth of biographical research. The hundreds of factual biographies I've teased from diverse data sources effectively illustrate social and technological issues anticipated by the literature. They also reveal potential tensions, trade-offs, and hazards when factual biographies are assembled at scale.

Apr 25: Michael BUCKLAND: A Retrospect, 1991-2025.
    Clifford and I began this Seminar in the Spring semester of 1991. I will share some reflections on its origins, intent, and highlights -- and how it changed during its 69 consecutive semesters. He and I both benefited greatly from being able to use the Seminar as a way to develop our own ideas and I will add a personal account of how my own view of information and information studies have changed during the same period.

May 2: Last Seminar of semester. South Hall room 202.
    A Tribute to Clifford Lynch.

    Clifford came to Berkeley in April 1979 to be manager of computing resources in the Division of Library Automation in the UC systemwide administration. He remained, with steadily increasing responsibilities, until he left in 1997 to become Executive Director of the Coalition for Networked Information in Washington, DC. In parallel he co-chaired this Friday Afternoon Seminar from its inception in January 1991, 69 semesters ago.
    Sadly, Clifford passed away on April 10. His many and varied contributions will be illuminated by Cecilia Preston, Karen Coyle, Joan Lippincott, Erik Mitchell, Lynne Grigsby, Howard Besser and Sarah Barrington.
    This time, instead of Zoom meeting remote access, it will be a Webinar. For more detail and the revised link see www.ischool.berkeley.edu/events/2025/tribute-clifford-lynch
    The Dean will host a reception at 4:30 pm.
    For a tribute by CNI see In Memoriam: Clifford Lynch.

    There are plans for research colloquia in the Fall and beyond, but not to continue the Friday Afternoon Seminar.
Fall 2024 schedule and summaries.